Document and Entity Information	9 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 15, 2015
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	Voyager Therapeutics, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001640266
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2015
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		26,749,240
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2015
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3

Balance Sheets (USD $)	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Assets, Current [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 66,533,000	$ 7,035,000
Marketable securities	41,138,000
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current	942,000	1,323,000
Total Current Assets	108,613,000	8,358,000
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	3,277,000	2,804,000
Deposits and other non-current assets	1,623,000	335,000
Marketable securities	52,922,000
Total Assets	166,435,000	11,497,000
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Accounts Payable	541,000	1,554,000
Accrued expenses	2,942,000	642,000
Deferred rent, current portion	294,000	278,000
Deferred revenue, current portion	19,589,000
Total current liabilities	23,366,000	2,474,000
Deferred rent, net of current portion	1,093,000	1,314,000
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	40,205,000
Other non-current liabilities	52,000	255,000
Preferred stock tranche liability		6,305,000
Total Liabilities	64,716,000	10,348,000
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Common stock, $0.001 par value: 95,000,000, and 65,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 respectively; 1,369,715 and 814,834 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively	1,000	1,000
Accumulated other comprehensive gain	38,000
Accumulated deficit	(47,178,000)	(20,831,000)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(47,139,000)	(20,830,000)
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit	166,435,000	11,497,000
Series A preferred stock
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Preferred stock tranche liability	2,600,000
Redeemable convertible preferred stock	59,863,000	21,979,000
Series B preferred stock
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Redeemable convertible preferred stock	$ 88,995,000

Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) (USD $)	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	95,000,000	65,000,000
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	1,369,715	814,834
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding	1,369,715	814,834
Series A preferred stock
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Redeemable convertible referred stock, authorized shares	45,000,000	45,000,000
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, issued shares	45,000,000	25,000,000
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, outstanding shares	45,000,000	25,000,000
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, aggregate liquidation preference (in dollars)	$ 48,621	$ 26,086
Series B preferred stock
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Redeemable convertible referred stock, authorized shares	30,000,001	0
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, issued shares	30,000,001	0
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, outstanding shares	30,000,001	0
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, aggregate liquidation preference (in dollars)	$ 93,827	$ 0

The aggregate liquidation preference (or restrictions) of stock classified as temporary equity that has a preference in involuntary liquidation considerably in excess of the par or stated value of the shares. The liquidation preference is the difference between the preference in liquidation and the par or stated values of the share. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.

+ References+ Details

- Definition

The maximum number of securities classified as temporary equity that are permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.

+ References+ Details

- Definition

The number of securities classified as temporary equity that have been sold (or granted) to the entity's shareholders. Securities issued include securities outstanding and securities held in treasury. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.

+ References+ Details

- Definition

The number of securities classified as temporary equity that have been issued and are held by the entity's shareholders. Securities outstanding equals securities issued minus securities held in treasury. Temporary equity is a security with redemption features that are outside the control of the issuer, is not classified as an asset or liability in conformity with GAAP, and is not mandatorily redeemable. Includes any type of security that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price or on a fixed or determinable date or dates, is redeemable at the option of the holder, or has conditions for redemption which are not solely within the control of the issuer. If convertible, the issuer does not control the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of shares that could be required to be delivered under the conversion option if the holder exercises the option to convert the stock to another class of equity. If the security is a warrant or a rights issue, the warrant or rights issue is considered to be temporary equity if the issuer cannot demonstrate that it would be able to deliver upon the exercise of the option by the holder in all cases. Includes stock with put option held by ESOP and stock redeemable by holder only in the event of a change in control of the issuer.

+ References+ Details

Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (USD $) In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014
Income Statement [Abstract]
Collaboration revenue	$ 4,937		$ 12,397
Operating Expenses [Abstract]
Research and development	6,481	2,399	18,459	5,938
General and administrative	2,475	1,257	6,752	3,933
Total operating expenses	8,956	3,656	25,211	9,871
Operating loss	(4,019)	(3,656)	(12,814)	(9,871)
Other expense, net
Interest income (expense), net	102		175	(2)
Other financing expense		(349)	(9,750)	(1,754)
Total other expense, net	102	(349)	(9,575)	(1,756)
Net loss	(3,917)	(4,005)	(22,389)	(11,627)
Other comprehensive loss
Net unrealized loss on available for-sale securities	58		38
Total other comprehensive loss	58		38
Comprehensive loss	(3,859)	(4,005)	(22,351)	(11,627)
Reconciliation of net loss to net loss attributalbe to common stockholder:
Net loss	(3,917)	(4,005)	(22,389)	(11,627)
Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to redemption value	(2,594)	(406)	(6,045)	(859)
Accrued dividends on Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	(403)		(1,039)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (6,914)	$ (4,411)	$ (29,473)	$ (12,486)
Net loss per share attributable to common stock, basic and diluted	$ (5.25)	$ (6.45)	$ (25.36)	$ (21.41)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	1,317,150	684,192	1,161,982	583,294

Statement of Cash Flows (USD $)	9 Months Ended
Statement of Cash Flows (USD $)	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014
Cash flow from operating activities
Net loss	$ (22,389,000)	$ (11,627,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	2,061,000	275,000
Depreciation	436,000	73,000
Amortization of premiums and discounts on marketable securities	(261,000)
Change in fair value of preferred stock tranche liability	9,750,000	1,754,000
Non-cash interest on convertible promissory notes payable		2,000
Expense related to shares issued in connection with services performed		250,000
In kind Research And Development Expenses	2,190,000
Deferred rent	205,000	(304,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	243,000	(644,000)
Other non-current assets	14,000	(2,000)
Deferred revenue	57,604,000
Accounts payable	(1,013,000)	566,000
Accrued expenses	1,952,000	881,000
Other non-current liabiliites	(186,000)
Lease incentive benefit	138,000	1,042,000
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	50,856,000	(7,126,000)
Cash flow from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(909,000)	(1,979,000)
Change in restricted cash		(314,000)
Purchases of marketable securities	(100,283,000)
Proceeds from marketable securities	6,000,000
Net cash used in investing activities	(95,192,000)	(2,293,000)
Cash flow from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock and tranche rights, net of issuance costs	19,999,000	15,542,000
Proceeds from issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of discount and issuance costs	84,780,000
Deferred Initial Public Offering Costs	(954,000)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and restricted stock	9,000	72,000
Net cash provided by financing activities	103,834,000	15,614,000
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	59,498,000	6,195,000
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	7,035,000	135,000
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	66,533,000	6,330,000
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash and non-cash Activities
Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to redemption value	6,045,000	859,000
Exchange of promissory notes payable and accrued interest into Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock and tranche rights		2,929,000
Deferred initial public offering costs included in accrued expenses	$ 348,000

Nature of business	9 Months Ended
Nature of business	Sep. 30, 2015
Nature of business
Nature of business	VOYAGER THERAPEUTICS INC. NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. Nature of business Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. (“the Company”) is a clinical‑stage gene therapy company focused on developing life‑changing treatments for patients suffering from severe diseases of the central nervous system (the “CNS”). The Company focuses on CNS diseases where it believes that an adeno‑associated virus (“AAV”) gene therapy approach can have a clinically meaningful impact by either increasing or decreasing the production of a specific protein. The Company has created a product engine that enables it to engineer, optimize, manufacture and deliver its AAV‑based gene therapies that have the potential to provide durable efficacy following a single administration directly to the CNS. The Company’s product engine has rapidly generated programs for five CNS indications, including advanced Parkinson’s disease, a form of monogenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich’s ataxia, Huntington’s disease and spinal muscular atrophy. The Company’s most advanced clinical candidate, VY‑AADC01, is being evaluated for the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease in an open‑label, Phase 1b clinical trial with the goal of generating human proof‑of‑concept data in the second half of 2016. The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology and gene therapy industry, including but not limited to, risks of failure of pre‑clinical studies, and clinical trials, the need to obtain marketing approval for its drug product candidates, the need to successfully commercialize and gain market acceptance of its drug product candidates, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations, development by competitors of technological innovations and ability to transition from pilot‑scale manufacturing to large‑scale production of products.

Summary of significant accounting policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Summary of significant accounting policies

Summary of significant accounting policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of these financial statements.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and as required by Regulation S-X, Rule 10-01. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 for the year ended December 31, 2014 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principles as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

On November 16, 2015 the Company completed the sale of 5,750,000 shares of its common stock in its initial public offering (the “IPO”), at a price to the public of $14.00 per share, resulting in estimated net proceeds to the Company of $72.7 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. On October 29, 2015, in preparation for the Company's IPO, the Company's Board of Directors and stockholders approved a 1-for-4.25 reverse split of the Company's common stock, which became effective on October 29, 2015. All share and per share amounts in the financial statements and notes thereto have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to give effect to this reverse split, including reclassifying an amount equal to the reduction in par value of common stock to additional paid-in capital. In connection with the closing of the IPO, all of the Company’s outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock automatically converted into shares of common stock as of November 16, 2015, resulting in the issuance by the Company of an additional 17,647,054 shares of common stock. The significant increase in shares outstanding in November 2015 is expected to impact the year-over-year comparability of the Company’s net loss per share calculations over the next year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, the Company’s management evaluates its estimates, which include, but are not limited to, estimates related to revenue recognition, accrued expenses, valuation of the tranche rights, stock‑based compensation expense, income taxes and the fair value of common stock. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying condensed balance sheets as of September 30, 2015, the condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and the condensed statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 are unaudited. The interim unaudited financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual audited financial statements; and in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2015, the results of its operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the periods ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 are unaudited. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2015, any other interim periods, or any future year or period.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), establishes a fair value hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

ASC 820 identifies fair value as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a three‑tier fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between the following:

Level 1—Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable, such as quoted market prices, interest rates, and yield curves.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs developed using estimates of assumptions developed by the Company, which reflect those that a market participant would use.

To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values, due to their short‑term nature.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of 90 days or less at acquisition to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and amounts held in money market funds.

Marketable Securities

The Company classifies marketable securities with a remaining maturity when purchased of greater than three months as available‑for‑sale. Marketable securities with a remaining maturity date greater than one year are classified as non‑current where the Company has the intent and ability to hold these securities for at least the next twelve months. Available‑for‑sale securities are maintained by an investment manager and may consist of U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. government agency securities. Available‑for‑sale securities are carried at fair value with the unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ deficit until realized. Any premium or discount arising at purchase is amortized and/or accreted to interest income and/or expense. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are included in other income (expense). If any adjustment to fair value reflects a decline in value of the investment, the Company considers all available evidence to evaluate the extent to which the decline is “other‑than‑temporary” and, if so, recognizes the unrealized loss through a charge to the Company’s statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

There were no marketable securities held as of December 31, 2014.

Marketable securities as of September 30, 2015 consist of the following:


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

As of September 30, 2015
Money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents	$	65,371	$	—	$	—	$	65,371
Total money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents	$	65,371	$	—	$	—	$	65,371
Marketable securities:
U.S. Treasury notes		50,152		23		—		50,175
U.S. Government agency bonds		43,870		15		—		43,885
Total marketable securities	$	94,022	$	38	$	—	$	94,060
Total money market funds and marketable securities	$	159,393	$	38	$	—	$	159,431

The estimated fair value of the Company’s marketable securities balance at September 30, 2015, by contractual maturity, is as follows:


Due in one year or less	$	41,138
Due after one year through two years		52,922
Total marketable securities	$	94,060

Restricted Cash

At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company maintained restricted cash totaling approximately $314,000 held in the form of money market accounts as collateral for the Company’s facility lease obligation and credit cards. The balance is included within deposits and other non‑current assets in the accompanying balance sheets.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists of laboratory equipment, furniture and office equipment and leasehold improvements and is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed to operations as incurred; while costs of major additions and betterments are capitalized. Depreciation is calculated over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight‑line method.

Impairment of Long‑Lived Assets

The Company evaluates long‑lived assets for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the book values of the assets to the expected future net undiscounted cash flows that the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the book values of the assets exceed their fair value. The Company has not recognized any impairment losses from inception through September 30, 2015.

Deferred Issuance Costs

Deferred issuance costs, which primarily consist of direct incremental legal and accounting fees relating to the Company’s proposed initial public offering of common stock are capitalized as incurred. The deferred issuance costs will be offset against proceeds upon the consummation of the offering. Approximately $1,302,000 of deferred issuance costs were incurred and capitalized as of September 30, 2015. No amounts were capitalized as of December 31, 2014. Such costs are included within other non‑current assets on the balance sheet.

Revenue Recognition

As of September 30, 2015, all of the Company’s revenue is generated exclusively from its collaboration agreement with Genzyme Corporation, a Sanofi company (“Genzyme”).

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). Accordingly, revenue is recognized for each unit of accounting when all of the following criteria are met:

Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;

Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered;

The seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and

Collectability is reasonably assured.

Amounts received prior to satisfying the revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the Company’s balance sheet. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue, current portion. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue, net of current portion.

The Company analyzes the multiple element arrangements based on the guidance in ASC Topic 605‑25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple Element Arrangements (“ASC 605‑25”). Pursuant to the guidance in ASC 605‑25, the Company evaluates multiple element arrangements to determine (1) the deliverables included in the arrangement and (2) whether the individual deliverables represent separate units of accounting or whether they must be accounted for as a combined unit of accounting. This evaluation involves subjective determinations and requires management to make judgements about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separate from other aspects of the contractual relationship. Deliverables are considered separate units of accounting provided that: (i) the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a standalone basis and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially within control of the Company. In assessing whether an item has standalone value, the Company considers factors such as the research, manufacturing and commercialization capabilities of the collaboration partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. In addition, the Company considers whether the collaboration partner can use the other deliverable(s) for their intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining element(s), whether the value of the deliverable is dependent on the undelivered item(s) and whether there are other vendors that can provide the undelivered element(s). The Company’s collaboration agreement does not contain a general right of return relative to any delivered items.

Arrangement consideration that is fixed or determinable is allocated among the separate units of accounting using the relative selling price method. Then the applicable revenue recognition criteria in ASC 605 are applied to each of the separate units of accounting in determining the appropriate period and pattern of recognition. The Company determines the selling price of a unit of accounting following the hierarchy of evidence prescribed by ASC 605‑25. Accordingly, the Company determines the estimated selling price for units of accounting within each arrangement using vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price, if available, third party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price if VSOE is not available, or best estimate of selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE or TPE is available. The Company has only used BESP to estimate the selling price, since it has not had VSOE or TPE of selling price of any units of accounting to date. Determining BESP for a unit of accounting requires significant judgement. In developing the BESP for a unit of accounting, the Company considers applicable market conditions and relevant entity specific factors, including factors that were contemplated in negotiating the agreement with the customer and estimated costs. The Company validates BESP for units of accounting by evaluating whether changes in the key assumptions used to determine the BESP will have a significant effect on the allocation of arrangement consideration between multiple units of accounting.

Options are considered substantive if, at the inception of the arrangement, the Company is at risk as to whether the collaboration partner will choose to exercise the option. Factors that the Company considers in evaluating whether an option is substantive include the cost to exercise the option, the overall objective of the arrangement, the benefit the collaborator might obtain from the arrangement without exercising the option and the likelihood the option will be exercised. When an option is considered substantive, the Company does not consider the option or item underlying the option to be a deliverable at the inception of the arrangement and the associated option fees are not included in allocable consideration, assuming the option is not priced at a significant and incremental discount. Conversely, when an option is not considered substantive, the Company would consider the option, including other deliverables contingent upon the exercise of the option, to be a deliverable at the inception of the arrangement and a corresponding amount would be included in allocable arrangement consideration. In addition, if the price of the option includes a significant incremental discount, the option would be included as a deliverable at the inception of the arrangement.

The Company recognizes arrangement consideration allocated to each unit of accounting when all of the revenue recognition criteria in ASC 605 are satisfied for that particular unit of accounting. The Company will recognize revenue associated with license options upon exercise of the option, if the underlying license has standalone value from the other deliverables to be provided subsequent to delivery of the license. If the license does not have standalone value, the amounts allocated to the license option will be combined with the related undelivered items as a single unit of accounting. The amounts allocated to the license option in the Genzyme agreement will be deferred until the option is exercised. The revenue recognition upon option exercise will be determined based on whether the license has standalone value from the remaining deliverables under the arrangement at the time of exercise.

The Company recognizes the amounts associated with research and development services, alliance joint steering committees and development advisory committees ratably over the associated period of performance. If there is no discernible pattern of performance and/or objectively measurable performance measures do not exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement on a straight‑line basis over the period the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations. Conversely, if the pattern of performance in which the service is provided to the customer can be determined and objectively measureable performance exist, then the Company recognizes revenue under the arrangement using the proportional performance method. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount of payments received of the cumulative revenue earned determined using the straight line method or proportional performance, as applicable, as of the period end date.

At the inception of an arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether: (i) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company’s performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting from the Company’s performance to achieve the milestone, (ii) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (iii) the consideration is reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as clinical, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the respective milestone and the level of effort and investment required to achieve the respective milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgement involved in determining whether a milestone satisfies all of the criteria required to conclude that a milestone is substantive. In accordance with ASC Topic 605‑28, Revenue Recognition—Milestone Method (“ASC 605‑28”) clinical and regulatory milestones that are considered substantive, will be recognized as revenue in its entirety upon successful accomplishment of the milestone, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Milestones that are not considered substantive would be recognized as revenue over the remaining period of performance, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Revenue from commercial milestone payments will be accounted for as royalties and recorded as revenue upon achievement of the milestone, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

The Company will recognize royalty revenue in the period of sale of the related product(s), based on the underlying contract terms, provided that the reported sales are reliably measurable and the Company has no remaining performance obligations, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

The Company also considers the impact of potential future payments it makes in its role as a vendor to its customers or collaboration partners and evaluates if these potential future payments could be reductions of revenue from that customer. If the potential future payments to the customer are (i) a separately identifiable benefit and (ii) the fair value of the identifiable benefit can be reasonably estimated, then the payments are accounted for separately from the revenue received from the customer. If however, both of these criteria are not satisfied, then the payments are treated as a reduction of revenue.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred in performing research and development activities. The costs include employee compensation costs, external research, consultant costs, sponsored research, in‑kind services provided under the Genzyme agreement, license fees, process development and facilities costs. Facilities costs primarily include the allocation of rent, utilities and depreciation.

Research Contract Costs and Accruals

The Company has entered into various research and development contracts with research institutions and other companies. These agreements are generally cancelable. The Company records accruals for estimated ongoing research costs. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the studies, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received and contracted costs. Significant judgments and estimates may be made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. The Company’s historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from the actual costs.

Patent Costs

The Company expenses patent application and related legal costs as incurred and classifies such costs as general and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.

Stock‑Based Compensation Expense

The Company accounts for its stock‑based compensation awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718 Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all stock‑based payments to employees and directors, including grants of restricted stock and stock options, to be recognized as expense in the statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. Grants of restricted stock and stock options to other service providers, referred to as non‑employees, are required to be recognized as expense in the statements of operations based on their vesting date fair values. The Company estimates the fair value of options granted using the Black‑Scholes option pricing model. The Company uses the value of its common stock to determine the fair value of restricted stock awards.

The Black‑Scholes option pricing model requires inputs based on certain subjective assumptions, including (a) the expected stock price volatility, (b) the calculation of expected term of the award, (c) the risk‑free interest rate and (d) expected dividends. Due to a lack of company‑specific historical and implied volatility data of the Company’s common stock, the Company has based its estimate of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded. The historical volatility is calculated based on a period of time commensurate with the expected term assumption. The computation of expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of a representative group of companies with similar characteristics to the Company, including stage of product development and life science industry focus. The Company uses the simplified method as prescribed by the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share‑Based Payment, to calculate the expected term for stock options granted to employees as it does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. For stock options granted to non‑employees, the Company utilizes the contractual term of the arrangement as the basis for the expected term assumption. The risk‑free interest rate is based on a treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected term of the stock options. The expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero as the Company has never paid dividends and has no current plans to pay any dividends on its common stock.

The Company expenses the fair value of its stock‑based compensation awards to employees on a straight‑line basis over the associated service period, which is generally the period in which the related services are received. Stock‑based compensation awards to non‑employees are adjusted through stock‑based compensation expense at each reporting period end to reflect the current fair value of such awards and are expensed on a straight‑line basis.

The Company records the expense for stock‑based compensation awards subject to performance‑based milestone vesting over the remaining service period when management determines that achievement of the milestone is probable. Management evaluates when the achievement of a performance‑based milestone is probable based on the expected satisfaction of the performance conditions as of the reporting date.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which provides for deferred taxes using an asset and liability approach. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and the tax reporting basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets unless, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740. When uncertain tax positions exist, the Company recognizes the tax benefit of tax positions to the extent that the benefit will more likely than not be realized. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more likely than not be realized is based upon the technical merits of the tax position as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances. As of December 31, 2014, the Company does not have any significant uncertain tax positions.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive loss consists of unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. There was no other comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share of common stock is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted‑average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted‑average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period determined using the treasury‑stock and if‑converted methods.

For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, redeemable convertible preferred stock and unvested restricted common stock are considered to be potentially dilutive securities, but are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would be anti‑dilutive and therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same for all periods presented.

The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti‑dilutive (in common stock equivalent shares):


	As of September 30,
	2015	2014

Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	10,588,235	5,882,352
Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock	7,058,819	—
Unvested restricted common stock	2,013,140	2,505,256
Outstanding stock options	852,249	—
Total	20,512,443	8,387,608

The Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock is entitled to receive dividends based on dividends declared to common stockholders, thereby giving the preferred stockholders the right to participate in undistributed earnings of the Company above the stated dividend rate. However, preferred stockholders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company. As of December 31, 2014 and all prior periods reported, the Company has been in a net loss position; therefore, the Company’s accounting for basic and diluted earnings per share was unaffected by the participation rights of the preferred stockholders. All of the Company’s outstanding convertible preferred stock automatically converted into shares of common stock as of November 16, 2015, resulting in the issuance by the Company of an additional 17,647,054 shares of common stock.

The following table summarizes the Company’s unaudited pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share data):



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014

Pro forma net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(6,914)	$	(4,411)	$	(29,473)	$	(12,486)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		1,317,150		684,192		1,161,982		583,294
Add:
Dilutive effect of common share equivalents resulting from common share options and preferred common shares (as converted)		—		—		—		—
		1,317,150		684,192		1,161,982		583,294
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(5.25)	$	(6.45)	$	(25.36)	$	(21.41)

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off‑Balance Sheet Risk

The Company has no financial instruments with off‑balance sheet risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s cash is held in accounts at a financial institution that may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any credit losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on these funds.

Concentration of Suppliers

The Company is dependent on a third‑party manufacturer to supply certain products for research and development activities in its programs. In particular, the Company relies and expects to continue to rely on a sole manufacturer to supply it with specific vectors related to the Company’s research and development programs.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company and the Company’s chief operating decision maker, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, views the Company’s operations and manages its business as a single operating segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing gene therapies.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014‑09, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. ASU 2014‑09 amends Accounting Standards Codification ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, by outlining a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. ASU 2014‑09 will be effective for the Company for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU may have on its financial statements, if any.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014‑15, which requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern every reporting period, and provide certain disclosures if management has substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to operate as a going concern, or an express statement if not, by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. This guidance is effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. The Company is in process of evaluating this guidance and determining the expected effect on its financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, which amends existing guidance to require the presentation of debt issuance costs in the balance sheet as a deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability instead of a deferred charge. ASU No. 2015-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and early adoption is permitted. The amendment must be applied retrospectively such that the balance sheet of each individual period presented is adjusted to reflect the period-specific impact of using the new guidance. Upon transition, a business must adhere to the appropriate disclosures for an adjustment in an accounting principle. Such disclosures include why the change in accounting principle is occurring, the transition method, an explanation of the prior period information that was retrospectively adjusted, and how the change impacts the financial statement line items (i.e., debt issuance cost asset and the debt liability). The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the timing and impact of adoption.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity.

+ References+ Details

Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value of financial measurements

3. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014 are as follows (in thousands):


			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Liabilities	2014		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Convertible preferred stock tranche liability	$	6,305	$	—	$	—	$	6,305
Total	$	6,305	$	—	$	—	$	6,305

The Company estimates the fair value of its Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”) tranche liability at the time of issuance and subsequently remeasures it using a probability‑weighted present value model that considers the probability of closing a tranche (67%), the estimated future value of Series A Preferred Stock at closing ($1.51), and the investment required ($20.0 million) at closing. Future values are converted to present value using a discount rate (16.2%) appropriate for probability‑adjusted cash flows. These estimates are based, in part, on subjective assumptions. Changes to these assumptions as well as the Company’s stock value on the reporting date can have a significant impact on the fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock tranche liability.

The following table provides a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):


	Preferred Stock
	Tranche Liability
Balance at December 31, 2014	$	6,305
Changes in fair value		9,750
Reclassification to Series A Preferred Stock		(16,055)
Balance at September 30, 2015	$	—

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):


			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	September 30,		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Assets	2015		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)

Money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents	$	65,371	$	65,371	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
U.S. Treasury notes		50,175		50,152		—		—
U.S. government agency securities		43,885		—		43,870		—
Total	$	159,431	$	115,523	$	43,870	$	—

The Company measures the fair value of money market funds and U.S. Treasuries based on quoted prices in active markets for identical securities. The Level 2 marketable securities include U.S. government and agency securities that are valued either based on recent trades of securities in inactive markets or based on quoted market prices of similar instruments and other significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. The Company did not hold any marketable securities at December 31, 2014.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References+ Details

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Prepaid expense and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expense and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):


	As of			As of
	September 30,			December 31,
	2015		2014

Prepaid expenses	$	679	$	900
Other current assets		263		423
Total	$	942	$	1,323

Property and equipment, net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net

5. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):


	As of			As of
	September 30,			December 31,
	2015		2014

Laboratory equipment	$	2,081	$	1,223
Furniture and office equipment		484		441
Leasehold improvements		1,332		1,324
		3,897		2,988
Less: accumulated depreciation		(620)		(184)
Property and equipment, net	$	3,277	$	2,804

The Company recorded $63,000 and $160,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014, respectively. The Company recorded $73,000 and $436,000 in depreciation expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2015, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, accounting policies and methodology, roll forwards, depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, including composite depreciation, accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, useful lives and method used, income statement disclosures, assets held for sale and public utility disclosures.

+ References+ Details

Accrued expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Accrued expenses

Accrued expenses

6. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):


	As of			As of
	September 30,			December 31,
	2015		2014

Patent costs	$	250	$	274
Research and development costs		1,460		125
Professional services		570		81
Employee compensation costs		176		85
Other		486		77
Total	$	2,942	$	642

Commitments and contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

During March 2014, the Company entered into an agreement to lease its facility under a non‑cancelable operating lease that expires December 15, 2019. The lease includes two renewal options, each for five year terms and at fair market value upon exercise. The lease contains escalating rent clauses which require higher rent payments in future years. The Company expenses rent on a straight‑line basis over the term of the lease, including any rent‑free periods.

The Company received a leasehold improvement incentive from the landlord totaling $1,250,000. The Company recorded these incentives as a component of deferred rent and will amortize these incentives as a reduction of rent expense over the life of the lease. These leasehold improvements have been recorded as fixed assets.

Rent expense of approximately $168,000 and $140,000 and $403,000 and $590,000 was incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2015, respectively.

Future annual minimum lease payments at December 31, 2014 are as follows (in thousands):


	Total Minimum
	Lease Payments
2015	$	1,117
2016		1,170
2017		1,192
2018		1,214
2019		1,184
	$	5,877

Significant Agreements

Genzyme Collaboration Agreement

Summary of Agreement

In February 2015, the Company entered into an agreement with Genzyme (“Collaboration Agreement”), which included a non‑refundable upfront payment of $65.0 million. In addition, contemporaneous with entering into the Collaboration Agreement, Genzyme entered into a Series B Stock Purchase Agreement, under which Genzyme purchased 10,000,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for $30.0 million. The fair value of the Series B Preferred Stock at the time of issuance was approximately $25.0 million. The $5.0 million premium over the fair value is accounted for as additional consideration under the Collaboration Agreement.

Under the Collaboration Agreement, the Company granted Genzyme an exclusive option to license, develop and commercialize (i) ex‑U.S. rights to the following programs, which are referred to as Split Territory Programs; VY‑AADC01 (“Parkinson’s Program”), VY‑FXN01 (“Friedreich’s Ataxia Program”), a future program to be designated by Genzyme (“Future Program”) and VY‑HTT01 (“Huntington’s Program”) with an incremental option to co‑commercialize VY‑HTT01 in the United States and (ii) worldwide rights to VY‑SMN101 (“Spinal Muscular Atrophy Program”). Genzyme’s option for the Split Territory Programs and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Program is triggered following the completion of the first proof‑of‑principle human clinical study (“POP Study”), on a program by program basis.

Prior to any option exercise by Genzyme, the Company will collaborate with Genzyme in the development of products under each Split Territory Program and VY‑SMN101 pursuant to a written development plan and under the guidance of an Alliance Joint Steering Committee (“AJSC”), comprised of an equal number of employees from the Company and Genzyme.

The Company is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop products under each Split Territory Program and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Program through the completion of the applicable POP Study. During the development of these joint programs, the activities are guided by a Development Advisory Committee (“DAC”). The DAC may elect to utilize certain Genzyme technology relating to the VY‑AADC01 Program, the VY‑HTT01 Program or generally with the manufacture of Split Territory Program products.

The Company is solely responsible for all costs incurred in connection with the development of the Split Territory Programs and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Program products prior to the exercise of an option by Genzyme with the exception of the following: (i) at the Company’s request and upon mutual agreement, Genzyme will provide “in‑kind” services valued at up to $5.0 million and (ii) Genzyme shall be responsible for the costs and expenses of activities under the Huntington’s Program development plan to the extent such activities are covered by financial support Genzyme is entitled to receive from a patient advocacy group, collectively Genzyme “in‑kind” and other funding.

Other than the Parkinson’s Program (for which a POP Study has already been commenced), if the Company does not initiate a POP Study for a given Split Territory Program by December 31, 2026 (or for the Future Program by the tenth anniversary of the date the Future Program is nominated by Genzyme), and Genzyme has not terminated the Collaboration Agreement with respect to the collaboration program, then Genzyme shall be entitled, as its sole and exclusive remedy, to a credit of $10.0 million for each such program against other milestone or royalty payments payable by Genzyme under the Collaboration Agreement. However, if the POP Study is not initiated due to a regulatory delay or a force majeure event, such time period shall be extended for so long as such delay continues.

With the exception of the Parkinson’s Program, Genzyme is required to pay an option exercise payment of $20.0 million or $30.0 million for each Split Territory Program, as well as the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Program.

Upon Genzyme’s exercise of its option to license a given product in a Split Territory Program (“Split Territory Licensed Product”), the Company will have sole responsibility for the development of such Split Territory Licensed Product in the United States and Genzyme shall have sole responsibility for development of such Split Territory Licensed Product in the rest of the world. The Company and Genzyme will have shared responsibility for execution of ongoing development of such Split Territory Licensed Product that is not specific to either territory, including costs associated therewith. The Company is responsible for all commercialization activities relating to Split Territory Licensed Products in the United States, including all of the associated costs. Genzyme is responsible for all commercialization activities relating to the Split Territory Licensed Products in the rest of the world, including all of the associated costs. If Genzyme exercised its co‑commercialization rights, Genzyme will be the lead party responsible for all commercialization activities related to Huntington’s Licensed Product in the United States.

Upon exercise of the option, Genzyme shall have the sole right to develop the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Product worldwide. Genzyme shall be responsible for all of the development costs that occur after the option exercise date for the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Program. Genzyme is also responsible for commercialization activities relating to the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Product worldwide.

Genzyme is required to pay the Company for specified regulatory and commercial milestones, if achieved, up to $645 million across all programs. The regulatory approval milestones are payable upon either regulatory approval in the United States or regulatory and reimbursement approval in the European Union and range from $40.0 million to $50.0 million per milestone, with an aggregate total of $265 million. The commercial milestones are payable upon achievement of specified annual net sales in each program and range from $50.0 million to $100 million per milestone, with an aggregate total of $380 million.

In addition, to the extent any Split Territory Licensed Products or the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Licensed Product are commercialized, the Company is entitled to tiered royalty payments ranging from the mid‑single digits to mid‑teens based on a percentage of net sales by Genzyme. Genzyme is entitled to receive tiered royalty payments related to sales of Split Territory Licensed Product ranging from the low‑single digits to mid‑single digits based on a percentage of net sales by the Company depending on whether the Company uses Genzyme technology in the Split Territory Licensed Product. If Genzyme elects to co‑commercialize VY‑HTT01 in the United States, the Company and Genzyme will share in any profits or losses from VY‑HTT01 product sales.

The Collaboration Agreement will continue in effect until the later of (i) the expiration of the last to expire of the option rights and (ii) the expiration of all payment obligations unless sooner terminated by the Company or Genzyme. The Company and Genzyme have customary termination rights including the right to terminate for an uncured material breach of the agreement committed by the other party and Genzyme has the right to terminate for convenience.

Accounting Analysis

The Collaboration Agreement includes the following deliverables: (i) research and development services for each of the Split Territory License Programs and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Program, (ii) participation in the AJSC, (iii) participation in the DAC and (iv) the option to obtain a development and commercial license in the Parkinson’s Program and related deliverables. The Company has determined that the option to obtain a development and commercial license in the Parkinson’s program is not a substantive option for accounting purposes, primarily because there is no additional option exercise payment payable by Genzyme at the time the option is exercised. Therefore, the option to obtain a license and other obligations of the Company that are contingent upon exercise of the option are considered deliverables at the inception of the arrangement. The options in the other Split Territory Programs and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Program are considered substantive as there is substantial option exercise payments payable by Genzyme upon exercise. In addition, as a result of the uncertainties related to the discovery, research, development and commercialization activities, the Company is at risk with regard to whether Genzyme will exercise the options. Moreover, the substantive options are not priced at a significant incremental discount. Accordingly, the substantive options are not considered deliverables at the inception of the arrangement and the associated option exercise payments are not included in allocable arrangement consideration. The Company has also determined that any obligations which are contingent upon the exercise of a substantive option are not considered deliverables at the outset of the arrangement, as these deliverables are contingent upon the exercise of the options. In addition, any option exercise payments associated with the substantive options are not included in the allocable arrangement consideration.

The Company has concluded that each of the deliverables identified at the inception of the arrangement has standalone value from the other undelivered elements. Additionally, the Collaboration Agreement does not include return rights related to the initial collaboration term. Accordingly, each deliverable qualifies as a separate unit of accounting.

The Company has identified $79.3 million of allocable arrangement consideration consisting of the $65 million upfront fee, the $5.0 million premium paid in excess of fair value of the Series B Preferred Stock and $9.3 million of Genzyme “in‑kind” and other funding.

The Company has allocated the allocable arrangement consideration based on the relative selling price of each unit of accounting. For all units of accounting, the Company determined the selling price using the best estimate of selling price (“BESP”). The Company determined the BESP for the service related deliverable for the research and development activities based on internal estimates of the costs to perform the services, including expected internal expenses and expenses with third parties for services and supplies, marked up to include a reasonable profit margin and adjusted for the scope of the potential license. Significant inputs used to determine the total expense of the research and development activities include, the length of time required and the number and costs of various studies that will be performed to complete the POP Study. The BESP for the AJSC and DAC have been estimated based on the costs incurred to participate in the committees, marked up to include a reasonable profit margin. The BESP for the license option was determined based on the estimated value of the license and related deliverables adjusted for the estimated probability that the option would be exercised by Genzyme.

Based on the relative selling price allocation, the allocable arrangement consideration was allocated as follows:


Unit of Accounting	Amount
	(in thousands)
Research and Development Services for:
Huntington’s Program	$	15,662
Parkinson’s Program		6,648
Friedreich’s Ataxia Program		16,315
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Program		32,050
Future Program		2,464
Committee Obligations:
AJSC		147
DAC		227
License Option and related deliverables		5,743
Total	$	79,256

The Company recognizes the amounts associated with research and development services on a straight line basis over the period of service as there is no discernable pattern or objective measure of performance for the services. Similarly, the Company recognizes the amount associated with the committee obligations on a straight line basis over the period of service consistent with the expected pattern of performance. The amounts allocated to the license option will be deferred until the option is exercised. The revenue recognition upon option exercise will be determined based on whether the license has standalone value from the remaining deliverables at the time of exercise.

The Company has evaluated all of the milestones that may be received in connection with the Split Territory Licensed Product and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Program Licensed Product. In evaluating if a milestone is substantive, the Company assesses whether: (i) the consideration is commensurate with either the Company’s performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting from the Company performance to achieve the milestone, (ii) the consideration relates solely to past performance and (iii) the consideration is reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. All regulatory milestones are considered substantive on the basis of the contingent nature of the milestone, specifically reviewing factors such as the scientific, clinical, regulatory, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the milestone as well as the level of effort and investment required. Accordingly, such amounts will be recognized as revenue in full in the period in which the associated milestone is achieved, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met. All commercial milestones will be accounted for in the same manner as royalties and recorded as revenue upon achievement of the milestone, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

During the nine month period ended September 30, 2015, the Company recognized $12,397,000 of revenue associated with its collaboration with Genzyme related to research and development services performed during the period. As of September 30, 2015, there is $59,794,000 of deferred revenue related to the Collaboration Agreement, which is classified as either current or noncurrent in the accompanying balance sheet based on the period the services are expected to be delivered.

Costs incurred relating to the programs that Genzyme has the option to license under the Collaboration Agreement consist of internal and external research and development costs, which primarily include: salaries and benefits, lab supplies and preclinical research studies. The Company does not separately track or segregate the amount of costs incurred under the Collaboration Agreement. All of these costs are included in research and development expenses in the Company’s statement of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The Company estimates that the majority of research and development expense during the period relate to programs for which Genzyme has an option right.

University of Massachusetts (“UMass”) and MassBiologics Collaboration

In January 2014, UMass and the Company entered into a Collaboration Agreement wherein the Company granted UMass 23,529 shares of common stock, valued at $12,000, which was recorded as research and development expense. This was the only payment made under the Collaboration Agreement until it was amended by the Collaboration Agreement entered into with UMass and MassBiologics in October 2014.

On October 20, 2014, the Company entered into a Collaboration Agreement with UMass and MassBiologics (of the UMass Medical School).

Under the agreement, the Company shall (i) fund certain projects that will be conducted by UMass or MassBiologics, (ii) fund certain educational programs of UMass, including post‑doctoral research at the Company’s laboratories beginning in 2015, and (iii) collaborate with MassBiologics to establish scalable processes for manufacturing recombinant adeno‑associated viral (“rAAV”) vector products using current good manufacturing practices.

In November 2014, the parties agreed to the first project under this agreement whereby the Company will fund approximately $2,861,000 over a sixteen month period for certain research and development services performed by MassBiologics. The project commenced in January 2015. If the agreement is terminated for any reason, the Company is obligated to fund the remaining balance of the total price of all work completed and any other out of pocket costs incurred by MassBiologics on behalf of the Company. As of December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015, the Company had provided cumulative funding of approximately $376,000 and $1,058,000, respectively, which exceeded costs incurred by $376,000 at December 31, 2014 and approximately $701,000 funding was due at September 30, 2015. The amount funded in excess of costs incurred is recorded in prepaid expenses as of the balance sheet at December 31, 2014 and recorded in accrued expenses for the amounts due at September 30, 2015. Research and development costs incurred by MassBiologics under the project agreement will be expensed by the Company as incurred.

Other Agreements

During 2014 and 2015, the Company entered into various agreements with contract research organizations and institutions to license intellectual property. In consideration for the licensed rights the Company generally made upfront payments, which were recorded as research and development expense as the acquired technologies were considered in‑process research and development. During the year ended December 31, 2014 and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2015, the Company paid $830,000, $800,000 and $75,000, respectively, in up‑front license fees. The license agreements also obligate the Company to make additional payments that are contingent upon specific clinical trial and regulatory approval milestones being achieved as well as royalties on future product sales. The agreements to license intellectual property include potential milestone payments that are dependent upon the development of products licensed under the agreements and contingent upon the achievement of clinical trial or regulatory approval milestones. The maximum aggregate potential milestone payments payable by the Company total approximately $12.0 million. Additionally, under the terms of one agreement, the Company has options to license intellectual property to be used in the development of therapies for four additional disease indications. If the Company exercises all of the options under the agreement, it would be obligated to pay aggregate up‑front fees of up to approximately $1.5 million and milestone payments that are contingent upon clinical trial results and regulatory approval of $5.0 million per disease indication, or up to $20.0 million in total. As of December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015, there have been no milestones achieved. The Company can generally terminate the license agreements upon 30‑90 days prior written notice.

Additionally, certain license agreements require the Company to reimburse the licensor for certain past and ongoing patent related expenses. During the year ended December 31, 2014 and the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2015, the Company incurred $839,000, $740,000 and $131,000 of expense, respectively, related to these reimbursable patent costs which are recorded as general and administrative expense.

Litigation

The Company is not a party to any litigation and does not have contingency reserves established for any litigation liabilities as of December 31, 2014 or September 30, 2015.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies.

+ References+ Details

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock [Texl Block]

8. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock (“Preferred Stock”) has been classified as temporary equity on the accompanying balance sheets instead of in stockholders’ deficit in accordance with authoritative guidance for the classification and measurement of redeemable securities as the redeemable convertible preferred stock is redeemable at the option of the holder after the redemption date, February 2021.

Series A Preferred Stock

At September 30, 2015, 45,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were authorized, issued and outstanding. These shares were issued at various closings in 2014 and 2015 for $1.00 per share. The shares were issued in exchange for cash proceeds of $42,039,000, net of issuance costs of $32,000, and the exchange of outstanding redeemable Convertible Notes, including accrued interest, of approximately $2,929,000. The Series A Preferred Stock have a liquidation preference amount of $48,621,000 at September 30, 2015.

Tranche Rights Issued with Series A Preferred Stock

Included in the terms of the January 2014 Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement were certain rights (“Tranche Rights”) granted to the investors of Series A Preferred Stock purchased in January 2014, including the holders of the redeemable Convertible Notes who exchanged the redeemable Convertible Notes. The Tranche Rights obligated the investors in Series A Preferred Stock to purchase and the Company to sell an additional 18,500,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock at $1.00 per share contingent upon successful near term in‑licensing and progress on initial experiments and research and development planning (“Tranche Right I”). In addition, the investors are obligated to purchase and the Company is obligated to sell an additional 20,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock upon the development of project engine and achievement of certain clinical milestones (“Tranche Right II”). In addition, the Tranche Rights allowed the investors the ability to purchase the additional shares at their option at any time. The Tranche Rights were transferrable by the investors, subject to approval by the Board.

The Company has concluded the Tranche Rights meet the definition of a freestanding financial instrument, as the Tranche Rights are legally detachable and separately exercisable from the Series A Preferred Stock. Therefore, the Company has allocated the proceeds between the Tranche Rights and the Series A Preferred Stock. As the Series A Preferred Stock is redeemable at the holder’s option, the Tranche Rights are classified as an asset or liability and are initially recorded at fair value. The Tranche Rights are measured at fair value at each reporting period. Since the Tranche Rights are subject to fair value accounting, the Company allocated the proceeds to the Tranche Rights based on the fair value at the date of issuance with the remaining proceeds being allocated to the Series A Preferred Stock. The estimated fair value of the Tranche Rights was determined using a probability‑weighted present value model that considers the probability of closing a tranche, the estimated future value of Series A Preferred Stock each closing, and the investment required at each closing. Future values are converted to present value using a discount rate appropriate for probability‑adjusted cash flows.

The following table summarizes the initial value of the Tranche Rights included in the Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (in thousands):


	Fair Value of
	Tranche Right
	Asset (Liability)
Tranche Right I	$	1,495
Tranche Right II		(4,095)
Total value of Tranche Rights	$	(2,600)

Tranche Right I was initially recorded as an asset of $1,495,000 as the purchase price of the additional shares was greater than the estimated value of the Series A Preferred Stock at the expected settlement date. The Company issued 18,500,000 additional shares under Tranche Right I, in three separate closings during the year ended December 31, 2014 with total proceeds of $18,491,000, net of issuance costs. Prior to each closing, any change in the value of Tranche Right I was recorded as other financing expense. The fair value of the portion of the Tranche Right I settled at each closing was reclassified to Series A Preferred Stock. The Company recognized income of $261,000 related to the mark to market of Tranche Right I during the year ended December 31, 2014, which is included in other financing expense.

Tranche Right II was initially recorded as a liability of $4,095,000 as the purchase price of the additional shares was less than the estimated price of the Series A Preferred Stock at the expected settlement date. The Company recognized expense of $2,210,000 related to the mark to market of Tranche Right II during the year ended December 31, 2014, which is included in other financing expense.

In February 2015, Tranche Right II was settled when the Company closed the final issuance of Series A Preferred Stock. The Company recognized expense of $9,750,000 related to the mark to market of Tranche Right II during the period ended September 30, 2015, which is included in other financing expense. The fair value of the Tranche Right II settled at closing was reclassified to Series A Preferred Stock. The initial carrying amount of the Series A Preferred Stock issued upon the closing of Tranche Right II amounted to approximately $36,054,000 which exceeds the redemption value, therefore the carrying value is not being subsequently adjusted. However, the Company has reflected accrued dividends of approximately $1,039,000 related to this issuance in the net loss attributable to common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Series B Preferred Stock

At September 30, 2015, 30,000,001 shares of Series B Preferred Stock were authorized, issued and outstanding. These shares were issued for $3.00 per share. This issuance resulted in cash proceeds of $89,780,000, net of issuance costs of $220,000. Additionally, a discount of $5,000,000 was recorded against the proceeds as the amount paid by Genzyme was in excess of fair value of the Series B Preferred Stock at issuance. The Series B Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference amount of $93,827,000.

Preferred Stock

The rights, preferences, and privileges of the Preferred Stock are listed below:

Conversion

Shares of Preferred Stock are convertible at any time at the option of the holder into such number of shares as is determined by dividing the original issuance price by the conversion price in effect at the time. As of September 30, 2015, the conversion price was $4.25 for Series A Preferred Stock and $12.75 for Series B Preferred Stock, subject to adjustments to reflect the issuance of Common Stock, options, warrants, or other rights to subscribe for or to purchase Common Stock for a consideration per share, less than the conversion price then in effect and subsequent stock dividends and stock splits. In addition any reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, consolidation or merger in which common stock is exchanged for securities, cash or other property.

All outstanding shares of Preferred Stock are automatically converted upon the completion of either an IPO resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $50.0 million or the vote or written consent of 67% of the then outstanding shares of preferred stock.

Dividends

Holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, before any cash is paid out or set aside for any Common Stock, cash dividends at a rate of 8% of the original purchase price per share annually (the “Accruing Dividends”). The dividends accrue cumulatively on a daily basis and are payable only when, and if, declared by the Board of Directors or upon liquidation or redemption.

In addition, the holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to additional dividends based on dividends declared to common stockholders, thereby giving the preferred stockholders the right to participate in undistributed earnings of the Company above the stated per share dividend rate. The preferred stockholders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company

No dividends have been declared since the Company’s inception. Aggregate cumulative preferred dividends on Preferred Stock at September 30, 2015 were $7,448,000.

Redemption

The Preferred Stock is redeemable at the option of the holder after the redemption date of February 2021. The redemption value of the Preferred Stock is equal to $3.00 per share for Series B Preferred Stock and $1.00 per share for Series A Preferred Stock plus any accrued but unpaid dividends. Accordingly, the Preferred Stock is being accreted to redemption value through its redemption date, including accruals for cumulative dividend rights. If the initial carrying value exceeds the redemption value the carrying value is not adjusted.

Liquidation Preference

Holders of Series B Preferred Stock and Series A Preferred Stock have preference to the assets of the Company in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding‑up of the Company, equal to $3.00 per share for Series B Preferred Stock and $1.00 per share for Series A Preferred Stock, plus any accrued but unpaid dividends, whether or not declared, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon, on a pari passu basis. After the payment of the preference amounts to the holders of Series B Preferred Stock and Series A Preferred Stock, the remaining assets of the Company are to be distributed among the holders of Series A Preferred Stock and holders of Common Stock on a pro rata basis. However, if the aggregate amount which the holders of Series A Preferred Stock would be entitled to receive exceeds $2.50 per share (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination, reclassification or other similar event) (the “Maximum Participant Amount”), each holder of Series A Preferred Stock will receive the greater of the Maximum Participant Amount or the amount such holder would have received if all shares of Series A Preferred Stock had been converted into Common Stock immediately prior to such liquidation.

Voting Rights

Holders of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to vote as a single class with the holders of Common Stock on all matters submitted for vote to the Stockholders of the Company. The holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to one vote for each equivalent common share on an as‑converted basis. In addition, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to elect two (2) directors. The remaining directors shall be elected by the holders of Common Stock voting together with the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock as one class on an as‑converted basis.

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock have certain protective rights as defined. These protective rights require the Required Vote before action can be taken to (i) increase or decrease the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock that the Company has authority to issue, (ii) change the par value of the Series A Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock, (iii) amend the Certificate of Incorporation in any way that adversely affects the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock.

Common Stock

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Common stock

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

9. Common Stock

As of December 31, 2014, and September 30, 2015, the Company had authorized 65,000,000 and 95,000,000 shares of Common Stock, respectively at $0.001 par value per share.

General

The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of the Common Stock are subject to and qualified by the rights, powers and preferences of the holders of Preferred Stock. The Common Stock has the following characteristics:

Voting

The holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held at all meetings of stockholders and written actions in lieu of meetings.

Dividends

The holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends, if and when declared by the Board of Directors. Cash dividends may not be declared or paid to holders of shares of Common Stock until all accrued unpaid dividends on Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock have been paid in accordance with their terms. No dividends have been declared or paid by the Company since its inception.

Liquidation

After payment to of their respective liquidation preferences to the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock, the holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to share ratably in the Company’s remaining assets available for distribution to its stockholders in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company or upon occurrence of a deemed liquidation event.

Shares Reserved For Future Issuance


	As of	As of December 31,
	September 30, 2015	2014

Shares reserved for Series A Preferred Stock outstanding	10,588,235	5,882,352
Shares reserved for future issuances of Series A Preferred Stock	—	4,705,883
Shares reserved for Series B Preferred Stock outstanding	7,058,819	—
Shares reserved for vesting of restricted stock awards under the Founder Agreements	889,715	1,068,383
Shares reserved for vesting of restricted stock awards under the 2014 Option and Stock Plan	1,123,425	1,510,434
Shares reserved for exercise of stock options	852,249	—
Shares reserved for issuances under the 2014 Stock Option and Grant Plan	92,534	291,052
	20,604,977	13,458,104

- Definition

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)

-Number Topic 4

-Section C

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)

-Number Topic 4

-Section E

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 235

-SubTopic 10

-Section S99

-Paragraph 1

-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(d),(e))

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 505

-SubTopic 10

-Section S99

-Paragraph 4

-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 4.C)

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27012166&loc=d3e187143-122770

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 210

-SubTopic 10

-Section S99

-Paragraph 1

-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Glossary Preferred Stock

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6521494

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 505

-SubTopic 10

-Section S99

-Paragraph 1

-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27012166&loc=d3e187085-122770

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 505

-SubTopic 10

-Section 50

-Paragraph 2

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21463-112644

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 505

-SubTopic 10

-Section 50

-Paragraph 5

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21488-112644

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 505

-SubTopic 10

-Section 50

-Paragraph 11

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21564-112644

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 505

-SubTopic 10

-Section 50

-Paragraph 4

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21484-112644

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 505

-SubTopic 10

-Section 50

-Paragraph 3

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21475-112644

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 505

-SubTopic 30

-Section 50

-Paragraph 2

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6405834&loc=d3e23285-112656

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 505

-SubTopic 10

-Section 50

-Paragraph 6

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21506-112644

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher FASB

-Name Accounting Standards Codification

-Topic 310

-SubTopic 10

-Section S99

-Paragraph 2

-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 4.E)

-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27010918&loc=d3e74512-122707

+ Details